SUPPORT DOCUMENT #66: I want to proceed carefully here, in talking about possible treatments and cures for some of our most deadly human diseases. Let's begin by saying that IF all life evolved out of energy reaction (that evolved to energy moderation) and IF there are only 4 options of energy moderation: An organism can only respond to anything out side of itself by either TAKING IT IN (option 1) or NOT TAKING IT IN (option 2) And an organism can only respond to anything inside of itself by either HOLDING IT IN (option 3) or NOT HOLDING IT IN (option 4) THEN All diseases are a manifestation of some aspect of the 4 options. Yet that in itself doesn't tell us how to treat diseases: For example, bacterial infection is something coming IN to the body, that the body must BLOCK OUT (option #2) or if the bacterial infection gets into the body then the body must EXCRETE OUT the infection (option #4) Yet in reality the best treatments for many ailments , have already been found. Specifically these current therapies: 1. Drug and medicine therapies 2. Surgery 3. Preventive measures (clean food, clean water, sanitation, exercise, diet, enough sleep, etc.) 4. Psychological therapies, counseling, etc. And there are some diseases and ailments that are caused by 1. Genetic problems 2. Problems of old age 3. Accidents, emergencies, etc. 4. Bacteria, virus, fungi, etc. Resolving problems in the 4 options of energy moderation will NOT resolve these ailments and diseases. AT BEST THEY CAN BETTER BUILD UP THE STRENGTH AND IMMUNITY IN THE BODY, so that it can better defend itself against problems of old age, accidents, infections, etc. (but this in itself can cause quite a dramatic improvement in overall health) Yet there is another class of ailments and disease and psychological problems that DOES NOT fall into any of these categories. These may either be directly CAUSED by problems connected with the 4 options or they may be exacerbated by the problems connected with the 4 options to the point where a minor ailment becomes a life threatening disease. THESE PROBLEMS CAN NOW BE CURED WITH A THERAPY THAT WILL RESOLVE THE PATIENT'S PROBLEMS IN THE 4 OPTIONS. (Continued in next post) SUPPORT DOCUMENT #67: What specific diseases may be eliminated by resolving the issues of the 4 options? Here are some of the major ones that I suggest might have 4 options cause IF AND ONLY IF (and that's a big if) there is found no specific physical cause - virus,bacteria, fungi, pollutants, etc. The first group is a number of psychological problems that have been better discussed by K. Horney in her psychology classic "Inner Conflicts" In her book she spells out the problems with Option #1 Take In, which she calls MOVE TOWARD OTHERS, Option #2 Block Out, which she calls MOVE AGAINST OTHERS, and Option #4 Excrete Out, which she calls SEPARATE FROM OTHERS. Plus I will add the 4th Option #3 Hold in, which refers to MOVE TOWARD SELF (all the problems of self involvement to the detriment of the subject) ALL THESE PROBLEMS CAN BE CURED OR MODIFIED DRAMATICALLY BY A THERAPY THAT RESOLVES THE ISSUES OF THE FOUR OPTIONS. The most important of this group of psychological problems may be that of Option 2, Move Against. By resolving these problems (the positive behavior of Option 2 is the male protector, defender, leader,etc. The negative behavior is male violent behavior) we can temper violent behavior and sooner or later end social violent behavior - war. Next a look at cancers and heart problems, etc. SUPPORT DOCUMENT #68: In this post I'd like to look at the 2 main incurable diseases of cancers and heart problems. They each may be prevented or cured or at least the problems lessoned and life prolonged by therapies that resolve the problems with the 4 options of energy moderation. Here's why I think so. (and again with the proviso that it does not include those cancers and heart problems that have a direct physical cause outside of the patient's body) Each of these 2 ailments has a very specific psychological profile to them. And that psychological profile seems to match one of the 4 options. I then reasoned that IF the behavior of those with the disease matches exactly the behavior of those with problems of a specific one of the 4 options THEN resolving the problem with that one of the 4 options may also resolve the problem of the disease. And perhaps the problem with that option, caused the disease in the first place. Heart Problems: many people with heart problems also share an open hostility, and are often openly angry. This directly responds to Option #2 Move against others. The problem to be solved then is to build up the defenses of the patient so he/she can better BLOCK OUT the cause of the problem, express past anger and resolve it once and for all, and set up a system to deal with day to day anger in the future. (All this while still continuing common sense health treatments and preventive measures, etc) Cancers: many people with cancer also share the 'stoic, brave,' behavior - often descriptions of cancer patients mention their bravery in dealing with this killer. Also, it has been my observation (and very limited it is) that cancer patients often have difficulty in expressing their anger openly (exactly the opposite of heart problems). It is as if they have trouble - not only excreting out the infectious cancer, but excreting out anger, and other wastes as well. This directly responds to Option #4 excrete out waste (which also is move against waste within self, which is also move against self - which is exactly what cancer does) The problem to be solved then is to help the patient express his anger openly, excrete it out, resolve the hidden or subconscious anger, and set up a system of excreting out day to day anger/ waste as well (All this while still continuing common sense health treatments and preventive measures,etc.) I intentionally chose these 2 diseases because they are the 2 greatest killer diseases without a cure, and they show opposite problems of the 4 options. Other unsolved diseases may also have specific 4 option problems. And they (if not caused by outside infections, accidents, etc) should be able to be resolved too. to be continued SUPPORT DOCUMENT #69: In this post I'd like to suggest how a layer of diseases may be caused by problems with the 4 options of energy moderation. Clue #1 In early childhood the child must LEARN that he is a separate individual. It should NOT be assumed that a child is born knowing that he is not part of his mother. This sets up the main struggle within every child; doing what HE/SHE wants versus doing what his mother wants him to do (the other part of him - until he/she learns better). This sets up conflicts that are oftensuppressed. Problems of Option #1 Take in and Option #2 Block out may be specifically related to breast feeding problems - too little, or too much Problems of Option #3 Hold in and Option #4 Excrete out may be specifically related to toilet training problems - too little or too much (though this may be an over simplification of these complex problems) Clue #2 If we are PSYCHOLOGICALLY stressed our body reacts in the exact same way as if we were physically stressed. It can do nothing else. It has not evolved to deal with psychological stress in a different way than physical stress. Thus a psychological 'itch' will cause the body to scratch that person's arm - thus scratching an itch that is not there. Now imagine everything is amplified and the patient is scratching so vehemently that he is tearing his own skin to resolve an itch that isn't there. This suggests that ailments (both 'physical and psychological') can be caused by the body's over compensating physical responses to non physical stress. Relieving that stress (the stress of problems of the 4 options) relieves the body's over compensations and ends the disease or negative behavior. Knowing this we can now examine each physical disease and/or negative psychological behavior and resolve the specific problem that is causing that problem. SUPPORT DOCUMENT #70: I have suggested in my Hendricks Health Theory that the key to all life is energy moderation (the 4 options). I've also suggested that all life becomes active in high energy (and replicates in high energy) and becomes less active, dormant, and hibernates in low energy. Mammals hibernate in caves, underground,etc, birds migrate etc, even reptiles and fish, dig into the bottom of ponds for the winter,etc., but how do trees hibernate? Here are some specifics: "Flowering plants evolved a way of getting through hard times leafless. The apple tree in December is in the ..stage called dormancy. Until its nap is over nothing will tease it into action. Three months later, having counted the hours of winter by its own internal clock, it is "expecting " the spring. A dormant plant is quite busy not only counting hours but also taking temperature readings, measuring day length, revising its chemistry, adjusting its output of hormones, even fussing with the construction of this and that kind of cell. Trees measure light and temperature chemically. Changes in the amounts of light and heat cause changes in the kinds and amounts of hormones plants produce. The hormones, in turn, direct the rest of the plant's chemistry. When a tree's leaves change color and drop off, the tree has taken its first chemical step in becoming dormant. The tree's branch tips form bud scales, where new leaves will sprout in spring. Inside the bud scales, tiny leaves or blossoms form. Other changes are invisible. Sugars that will protect cells from freezing are sent upward from the roots. Some plants make alcohol, their natural antifreeze. In case ice forms in spite of these precautions, cell walls are reconstructed so tiny ice crystals can be transported out before the cells are damaged. All this busyness and more is going on while the tree looks to us quite lifeless. Also this hibernation occurs in desert plants when water is low. Water is needed for energy. "Seeds of some desert plants have a hormone coating to keep them dormant; the coating will dissolve in water. The brief desert showers that sometimes fall out of season don't dissolve enough of the hormone to break dormancy. The seed will begin to grow only after a long rain, signaling the start of a reliably wet period washes all the hormone away." (All quotes from The Evolution Book , Sara Stein) SUPPORT DOCUMENT #71: In the Hendricks Health Theory, I have suggested that brain power evolved as energy moderation evolved. Specifically as life emerged from the sea it needed more brain power to resolve the harsher conditions of the changeable climate on land and in the air (as opposed to the somewhat uniform environment of the sea) And that as you move from fish- amphibians-reptiles-birds-mammals and heat regulation improves, so does the brain power. If that is so then big leaps in human brains should happen in response to times of difficult temperature climates. And brains jumped from ape size to human size right at the Great Ice Age. And ever since the brain size has been somewhat the same. It is my opinion that resolving the extra needs of these tough times on our ancestors resulted in an evolved improvement on their mental abilities. SUPPORT DOCUMENT #72: I have suggested in my Hendricks Health Theory, that love evolved out of low energy moderation, specifically option 1 and 3 - the so called female options (Just as aggression is male, high energy moderation, option 2 and 4) Specifically: Option 1 is take in which evolved to the 'social' behavior of 'move toward' food/mother's milk/mother/group/ anything you desire. Love then is a social behavior by the child to win over what the child wants. (That may be why children are so 'cute' and 'lovable'. Those that were not, were not loved, taken care of, and didn't survive.) Option 3 is hold in which evolved to the 'self' behavior of move toward self (female)/eggs in self/embryo in self/ newborn now outside of self/mother's love for child and child's love for mother,father, others,/ love etc. But lets put this in a less psychological way and in more biological terms: "Love evolved only among animals whose babies need their care." (S. Stein, The Evolution Book). That is best seen in the fact that social animals have love (humans, dogs, chimpanzees, elephants, etc) while non social animals do not. I do disagree with Stein in this particular. The seeds of love did not evolve out of thin air. They have been in all life from the beginning. They have evolved from 2 of the 4 options - #1 take in, and #3 hold in. That in its most primitive state, was in first life #1 take in energy and #3 hold in, utilize, and store excess energy for later; though it has had its first 'flowering' only now in humans and other social animals (and to a lesser extent in social insects) SUPPORT DOCUMENT #73: SHOPPING AS HUNTING/GATHERING . I really have no post here. You just can't be serious all the time and that title cracks me up. SUPPORT DOCUMENT #74: I've enclosed this post by Tom (Sci.bio.evolution) to show that all aspects of evolution evolved from something else. > The Olympic games go back thousands of years through history to the > beginning of records... do they go back even further? Undoubtedly > there were human competitions to see who was the best, to celebrate > them and award them with praise and adulation. > All of these facts together point towards one root cause: a lek. A > lek is where a bunch of animals get together to compete in some > very narrow categories, often which are athletic in nature. The > victors in animal leks win mating privileges. Birds-of-paradise, > grouse, stags, and many mammals big and small lek. All the animals > gather together, the competitors are off to compete (box, strut, > dance, fly, spin) and the winners get the bedazzled blushing flirting > eyes of the audience (and more). > Therefore, the Olympics do not just go back to the beginning of > history, they go back millions of years for as long as lekking was > one of the mating behaviors of our ancestors. Our complex society > complicates the lek considerably: success is semi permanent through > records, both sexes compete (although not with each other), and the > rewards of success happen off stage. Response: My Hendricks Health Theory states that this behavior went back to day one. It is #2 of 4 options of energy moderation of all life that has ever lived. See post "Option #2 - 4 Options" Remember that everything that any living thing does evolved from the beginning so that it's roots were somehow in that beginning. Just like you can't say evolution started in the middle of history of life, you can't say any action/reaction started in the middle without saying that it evolved from something before. Block out energy/food/etc. evolved to the social behavior of blocking out moving against = male = social = animal. Etc. SUPPORT DOCUMENT #75: In talking on the newsgroup , I had some problem with explaining how life becomes dormant in both too cold and too hot weather. One of the posts by 'Bubba' solved the problem: "Bubba" wrote: > Perhaps the word you are both looking for is resources (chemical enrgy, > photon energy, water, nutrients, etc.). When resources are abundant, life > reproduces, when resources are limited, life hunkers down for the long haul. My response: That fits what I was looking for exactly. Thank you. SUPPORT DOCUMENT #76: I've repeated this post with more information. For the initial posts see #53-54. Please read the post, First Life, a very rough draft, part one (#53) > > > Step 1 raw material into RNA > > > Step 2 RNA replicates. > Here are more points in this post, that may support this theory. > I've included some supporting evidence in this post. Most of it involves > > the viroid, Potato Spindle Tuber Viroid or PSTV. It is from Scientific > > American Jan. 1981, T.O. Diener. > > A viroid is smaller than a virus. A virus has both genetic material and a > > protein coat. A viroid does not have to code for the protein coat and is > > only a single strand of RNA. Viroids are the smallest known agents of > > infectious diseases - about a dozen diseases have been found to be caused > > by viroids so far - al l plant diseases. PSTV is 50 nanometers long. Step 1. Day breaks and soon our soup kettle begins to boil. There is one > > > bond that stands out from the rest, the G-C bond (G=Guanine nucleotide, > > > C= Cytosine nucleotide. Its noted as a very strong bond) The G-C bases > > > are one of the pair of bases of RNA (the other being A=Adenine > > > nucleotide, and U=Uracil nucleotide). During the day they connect up and > > > form strings of G-C bonds. They are sturdy chemical bonds, but not sturdy > > > enough. > > > Each afternoon, the hottest time of the day, the G-C bonds melt from the > > > heat and whatever was forged together is broken apart.... > > Note: "Regions linked by base pairing are "denatured," or separated, when > > a nucleic acid molecule is heated to break the hydrogen bonds between > > complementary bases, and the rate and the range of temperatures at which > > denaturation (separation) takes place vary with the structure of the > > molecule." (the text goes on to say "The extent of thermal denaturation > > is most conveniently determined by measuring a nucleic acid preparations > > ultraviolet absorbance, which increases with denaturation." which may be > > a clue to testing this theory. See below) > > > Evolution enters the equation. One day the G-C bond has an interloper, > > > one or more A's replaces a G (both purines), and/or U replaces a C (both > > > pyrimidines). And something miraculous happens.... > > First I want to note tha t although G usually bonds with C, I have learned > > that G SOMETIMES codes with U just as I had predicted it might. > > Also an excess of G's and C's is characteristic of viroids in general, > > again as I predicted. > Also it may be important to note that the charges holding the G-C and the > A-U nucleotides together, are slightly different, they will tend to > migrate across a blotter and take up slightly different positions on it > in the process known as gel electrophoresis where one edge of the blotter > has a positive charge and the other edge a negative charge. Thus there is > another difference between the 2 bonds. (Blueprints, Edey & Johanson) This slows down the melting process and the G-C bonds do NOT melt at the > > > hottest time of the day. They survive the day - with a bond that is > > > longer and stronger and more 'fit' to survive. This retardation of the > > > melting point of the G-C bond is enough to keep our 2 bases G and C, plus > > > the 2 stop bases A and U progressing. (and the stop codons are mostly A's > > > and U's - also see my post on why there are duplicate codons for many > > > amino acids). They progress in 2 directions: > > > RNA - as enzyme and as protein maker (then evolve into other properties) > > > and PROTEINS (synthesized by the RNA) Specifically the new RNA formed in 2 directions OR 2 forms of RNA began a symbiotic relationship. Perhaps one was like the tRNA (transfer RNA), the RNA that attaches to specific amino acids and pairs it to the appropriate codon (note it is the smallest type of RNA molecule which suggests to me that it may have preceeded the other 2 types) and the other was the mRNA (messenger RNA) that is the template for protein synthesis (I suggest that it may have been the second form of RNA like molecule). I would think that the rRNA came or evolved later. (For more see next document) > > Note: in the viroid PSTV there are 359 nucleotides. If the above were > > correct we would assume that there would be mostly C's and G's (the basic > > bond) then more U's (G sometimes codes with U - our slow down mechanism) > > and then the least number of A's. > > PSTV = 359 nucleotides: > > 108 C's > > 101 G's > > 77 U's > > 73 A's > > > Replication comes about whenever the heat DOES melt/divide the 2 strings > > > of G-C and A-U bases - much like DNA divides now. Though each day the > > > strings that survive become longer and longer before they melt/divide > > > from the heat. Over time the pre-life that survives evolves to more and > > > more control when this division takes place. > > "...base paried regions separate when the temperature is increased." HOW TO TEST: We should be able to test this theory and see if any of this works. > > > CLUE First note that there are wide variations in the ratio of A-U to G-C > > > in various organisms and this must be explained somehow. This aspect > > > should be studied. > > > Take a kettle of purines, pyrimides (mostly G and C), minerals, etc. > > > Begin to heat (sun radiation? earth heat? both?). The G-C bond should 1st > > > bind together. Then as the heat continues to rise, it should break apart > > > at its melting point. Then cool the mixture down and repeat (This experiment is similar to that of Sydney Fox who made proteinoids) > > > Add more A and U. The A-U bond should act as a catalyst and slow down or > > > inhibit this melting point. (Also the water in the kettle may have to be > > > boiled away so that the contents that are left, are dry, then re-wet as > > > they cool.) > > If any of this produces results, use the results as clues on how to > > > proceed. > > Also here are some other aspects of PSTV that may provide clues. It is a > > single strand of RNA that curves bac k on itself like a hairpin. Yet if > > this RNA can curve back on itself, then perhaps the first pre-RNA can > > curve bac k not only on itself but on other RNA too and build from there. > > At some point our 'slowed down G-C' would have survived longer than its > > neighbors thus usurping the necessary molecules in the 'soup'. This RNA > > replication would have been imperfect, so that many variant autocatalytic > > RNA molecules would have arisen. Any variations that increased the speed > > or the fidelity of self-replication and further evolved to better survive > > the changes in temperature and energy availability, would have enabled > > those variant RNA molecules to outmultiply their neighbor RNA. Plus > > survivor RNA could merge at some point. (some of this from > > Britannica.com) > > As the source of energy/heat slowed down, it is likely tha t the pre-life > > that survived, switched to an alternate form of energy/heat - probably > > some type of fermentation. > Also note that there are 2 types of sugar metabolism that produce energy: > fermentation and respiration. Fermentation is an anaerobic process that > takes place in the absence of any external electron acceptor. It was > probably the first true form of metabolism. What's noteworthy is that > fermentation not only occurs when SUGAR is broken down into smaller > organic molecules which accept the electrons that have been released > during the breakdown of the energy source, - but fermentation also works > with AMINO ACIDS in the place of sugar. > It's feasible that the first metabolism was the fermentation of amino> acids, then when that source ran out, the fermentation of sugar - > remember a 5-carbon sugar (along with a phosphate group and the nitrogen > base)) is a part of the nucleotide so it is handy. (Britannica.com) SUPPORT DOCUMENT #77: More details on tDNA (see #76) I'd like to go into more detail on tRNA. Here are some clues that suggest that it may have played a part in the beginning of life. 1. It has a high content of minor nucleotides - which suggests there was more experimenting at first and that this preceeded the other forms of RNA. 2. In the processing of mRNA, the first step is a cap made of chemically modified guanine nucleotide - methyl-guanine, or mG that is placed on the starting end of the mRNA molecule. (In my theory I suggested that the G-C bond started life. We know it starts the processing of mRNA) Then 100-200 adenine (A) nucleotides are added to the other end to form what is called a poly-A tail. Studies show that the cap and the tail protect mRNA from enzymes in the cytosol that degrade nucleic acids. Also the tail may aid in transport of the mRNA through the nuclear envelope. The cap helps the mRNA attach to a ribosome and begin translation. (In my theory I suggested that the A-U bond stopped the RNA process. We know A stops this part of the translation) 3. Each type of tRNA binds only a single one of the 20 different amino acids used to assemble proteins. There are 20 enzymes that are amino acid specific in that they can recognize different amino acids and their appropriate tRNAs. Each enzyme can attach one type of amino acid to the end of the matching tRNA molecule. This suggests to me that we can take the beginning of life back to not 20 tRNA and 20 enzymes but much less. Perhaps only a handful began life - and they probably did NOT have accompanying enzymes. The energy level in first life environment must have been such that it supplied the energy without enzymes helping. Whatever the details, it seems obvious that first life began with 1 or more tRNAs and their appropriate amino acids (and later their appropriate enzymes). And that natural selection got involved to favor those (gradually up to 20) that best worked. 4. In protein synthesis, translation involves 3 stages - initiation, elongation, and termination. All 3 stages now require enzymes - though in first life they somehow did not. Initiation and elongation (1 and 2) require energy supplied by GTP (closely related to ATP). But termination does not. That suggests to me that termination may be the one least evolved and more likely the initial step. As I have suggested in this theory, the key to life is not energy reaction but energy moderation- that is 'life' is the ability to STOP energy, thus regulating it, thus using it. 5. After the mG cap of mRNA ataches to a ribosome, and several nucleotides that serve to thread the mRNA into a ribosome, there comes the AUG codon that signals the beginning of the sequence of codons to be translated into the amino acid sequence of the protein. (AUG also codes for the amino acid methionine). The significance of this to my theory is this - the AU helps shut down the intro part and the G starts the coding. 6. The elongation cycle continues until a stop codon reaches the final (A) site of the ribosome. Three codons signal the end of translation: UAA, UAG, and UGA. None of them codes for an amino acid. This completes the polypeptide chain. Again in my theory I have suggested that the A-U , is the stop of coding. Here A and U are in the first and second positions of the codon (the most important spots) of all but the UGA. Why this G (in UGA) is there, is not clear. Yet it may suggest, like other Gs; end here, more to come. SUPPORT DOCUMENT #78: The main distinction between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes is that Eukaryotes have at least one membrane enclosed structure, the nucleus. They also contain other membrane enclosed structures or organelles. Why did the eukaryotes evolve to having a wall around their nucleus? Because they were invaded. And natural selection put up a second 'cell wall' within the cell to protect the nucleus containing the DNA. Some of the more benign invaders are still there - the mitochondria and the chloroplasts. SUPPORT DOCUMENT #79: Here is more on how life may have begun (see #77) This is getting exciting: Early Earth seas. A number of nucleotides are floating around. Yet they are not like the RNA and DNA we know. They contain G & C, but also A,U,T, and assorted other purines, pyrimidines, and all kinds of miscellaneous stuff. They have joined together in all kinds of combinations. Imagine in your hand 5 pieces of string - each 3 inches long. You drop them onto a table. This represents the assorted strings of not-quite -yet nucleotides. Note that in our analogy of strings dropped on the table some strings overlap. Imagine this happening in the seas. Wherever the strings overlap there is a chance for a possible bond between the 2 strings. G-C (RNA contains G-C, and A-U pairs with G sometimes pairing with A) is the strongest bond there. That means that when the strings overlap and G matches C a bond is form that is stronger than any other string bond. Gradually through natural selection more and more strings with G-C bonds collect together. They hold together by their strong bonds, while the other bonds break apart, or don't bond and drift away. Gradually more and more strings with G-C bonds are collected and concentrated in one area. As G-C would become more plentiful they would hook up more, their bonds would be stronger and their strands would be more pure G-C. Now look at the strings on the table, and that every time a string crosses another there is a G-C bond. What we have now is a mat of bonds (unlike the polypeptide bonds and proteins we have now). Yet this is EXACTLY what Sidney Fox got when he heated up dry amino acids, then wet them and cooled them down. They formed , what he called, 'proteinoids' that were like proteins but had a matted instead of chainlike structure. I contend that this was the first dead end in the history of life. And that it did not lead to life as we know it. Now back to our strings. Natural selection again leads to more and more pure G-C bond strings. They are straighter than those we talked about above, because 1. they have more uniformity - all G-C, 2. the G-C is such a strong bond, 3. the more plentiful the G's and C's in an area the more likely they will bond to each other, 4. the stronger the bond the less likely they would melt from heat or melt less often than weaker bonds (which led to replication - see other posts) etc. Sooner or later the high concentration of G-C has more and more of them collecting and connecting. Soon we have a straight G-C string of almost RNA. Natural selection has favored G-C bonds for no other reason than that they are most likely to survive. But maybe natural selection also favors those purines and pyrimidines that are the closest to G-C too, that most mimic them and their structure - the A-U bond. Somehow a symbiotic relationship developed between the 2 sets that furthered the ability of both to survive. I have suggested that a G-C string that encountered an A (G sometimes bonds with A, + my other arguments in my other posts) would become more stable in that the A (or possibly A-U together) would slow down or stop the chain. That would 1. keep it from melting too fast - so that A is a sort of inhibiter mechanism and 2. would end the string setting up a number of different lengths with always A (or A-U) at the end of the string - thus a number of possible combinations for natural selection to work with. But back to my original premise. How would that further support each set in this symbiotic relationship. The G-C set would be more stable - less likely to melt, or melt less often thus allowing it to grow longer and more stable. And the A-U by joining the G-C set has gotten stability. It is now a part of the G-C set which is a stable platform for it to survive. Now both G-C and A-U have a better chance for survival. Plus we now have a mechanism for a lot of variety of RNA strands, plus we still have the strands melting (the first replication) etc. Where Sidney Fox's experiments may have gone wrong is in his choice of amino acids. Perhaps if he had used JUST the G-C string (+ a little A- U) and given it more time the amino acids would have formed chains like the proteins we know instead of the mat proteinoids he got. But where do we go from there? Once a protein chain is made we are well on our way. It begins to curve around itself into a sort of empty protein ball shell with the active end within the shell. What we have now is similar to the most basic structure of bacteria in that it's a protein shell (a fat deposit probably latched onto this shell somewhere along the way) with the business end within the cell; and looking at bacteria, you see that a string of DNA (not RNA) is indeed attached to the protein cell wall. This part is obviously VERY sketchy, but once we have the strings of almost pure G-C RNA, the rest is... well history. SUPPORT DOCUMENT #80: